The conclusion inside the business was simple. Competitors were winning because their product was better.
Teams started copying flows, features and UX. That diagnosis was understandable. It was also wrong. Careem operated in different conditions, with different user behaviours and different stakes.
The research found something more specific: GPS wasn't accurate enough, and pickup points were hard to identify. When it went wrong, riders blamed unreliable captains and captains blamed unclear riders. Neither was true.
The product also treated everyone identically. A tourist using Rides once a year moved through the same number of steps as someone booking twice a day. It never got easier to use no matter how well it knew you.